EGFR and cholangiocarcinoma: We found that many protein kinases were upregulated in CCA tissue and cell lines, including receptor tyrosine kinase, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFR) receptor, erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma (Eph) receptor, and also many down-steam kinases such as serine/threonine kinase or protein kinase B (Akt), and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways [8].