TLR3 and cancer: Evidences on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), neuroblastomas or esophageal squamous cell carcinoma showed that TLR3 expression by the tumor parenchyma has been associated with a favorable prognosis (reviewed in [11,12]), and we recently observed that in early NSCLC, TLR3 expression on cancer cells is also significantly associated with good overall survival [13].