Numerous studies have used the cytokines TNFα and IFNγ to examine for increased permeability using adenocarcinoma cell lines and indeed our lab previously reported that IFNγ stimulated HIOs grown on a microfluidic device were physiologically responsive via pSTAT1 activation and had increased permeability when TNFα was co-incubated [36,37,38,39]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and adenocarcinoma.