Of the 10 sHSPs (or HSPBs) encoded by the human genome [23,133,134], four are currently known to be associated with neuromuscular disease [9]; these are HSPB1 (Hsp27), HSPB3, αB-crystallin (CRYAB, HSPB5), and HSPB8 (Hsp22) (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene HSPB3 and neuromuscular disease.