There are over 100 studied biomarkers of AKI, with neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) having been studied in laboratory-based human subjects testing. The gene discussed is IGFBP7; the disease is acute kidney injury.