TGFB1 and renal fibrosis: Additionally, the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database revealed that TGFB-induced factor homeobox 1 (TGIF1) of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway was found to be differentially expressed in the GEO: GSE66494 dataset, where it was highly expressed in renal fibrosis (Figure 1A).