PPARA and Other metabolic disease: PMQ has been proven to improve the metabolic disorders in the body and attenuate high-fat diet-induced visceral adipogenesis via stimulation of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) activity and suppression of the Sirt1-mediated mTOR and adipogenesis signaling cascades [11, 19] and to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy responses in vivo and in vitro involving PPAR α and PPAR β upregulation [9, 10], suggesting that PMQ has a protective effect on metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases.