TNF and ulcerative colitis: These findings are similar to those reported by Aleisa et al. [1], Gautam et al. (2012) [2], Lopes et al. (2014) [32], and Nartey et al. [33] in which Gymnema sylvestre, Antrocaryon micraster, Terminalia chebula, Solanum cernuum, and Cassia sieberiana extracts attenuated acetic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in rats by inhibiting various physical, haematological, and biochemical markers such as body weight loss, colon density, TNF-α and IL-6 expressions, neutrophil infiltration, and oxidative stress although in this research, loss of body weight was not significantly affected by CVE.