Various molecules, including α-syn, DJ-1, tau, Aβ, neurofilament light chain, dopamine and its metabolites, and neuroinflammatory cytokines, have been investigated for their usefulness as biomarkers for the diagnosis of MSA [4–6], among which α-syn in body fluids is the most studied, owing to the critical role of this protein in the pathogenesis of MSA [7]. The gene discussed is NEFL; the disease is multiple system atrophy.