TGFB1 and colorectal carcinoma: Meanwhile, H3K27Ac levels in these enhancer regions were significantly reduced after TGF-β treatment, consistent with the downregulation of CCBE1 mRNA expression, indicating that TGF-β downregulated CCBE1 expression through the activation of SMADs, which directly bound and inhibited CCBE1 gene transcription in CRC cells (Figure 6D).