Moreover, dental pulp MSC-CM contains a high concentration of neprilysin, which cause the degradation of amyloid-β peptide (one of the major misfolded protein accumulated in Alzheimer's disease), fractalkine (antiapoptotic factor), and VEGF compared to bone marrow MSC-CM or adipose MSC-CM, in addition to RANTES, FLT-3, GM-CSF, and MCP-1, which make them a promising candidate in treating Alzheimer's disease [148]. Here, CCL2 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.