CXCL10 and neoplasm: In addition, data derived from studies in other human malignancies suggested that this antitumor effect is mainly through the regulation of immune response, currently available evidence indicates that (i) CXCL10 attracts CD8+ and CD4+ effector T cells to tumor sites and sites of inflammation [113], (ii) CXCL10 stimulates immune cells through Th1 polarization and activation [114, 115], (iii) CXCL10 are indispensable for robust responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4) and improves therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy [116, 117].