Chen et al. (2013) [51] found that miR-122 targets nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-2 (NOD2), increasing the anti- inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), in Crohn’s disease (CD). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Cowden disease.