Because anti-GRP78 autoantibodies are common in COPD patients, and have myriad potentially injurious effects (12, 20–22), we hypothesized that the “spillover” of these autoantibodies from their putative origin in injured lungs (14, 15) might also be involved in vascular pathogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene HSPA5 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.