The time-dependent tumor occurrence is summarized in Figure 4m when no treatment was administered (red solid line); for these mice models, DTA-expressing plasmid under the control of AFP promoter (pAFP–DTA) was transferred to the liver at 0, 2, and 4 months after 5SA delivery by the hydrodynamic gene delivery procedure, and the control group was hydrodynamically injected with pAFP–DTA, and examined for 6 months (Figure 4n, black solid line). Here, AFP is linked to neoplasm.