CSF2 and metastatic malignant neoplasm: Several clinical trials have been conducted for malignant lymphoma, leukemia, glioblastoma, breast cancer, and lung cancer; moreover, in vivo and in vitro research have also been conducted for brain tumors, leukemia, prostate cancers, breast cancer, cervical cancer, metastatic cancer, ovarian cancer, and colon cancer targeting IL-2, GM-CSF, IL-3, EGF, CD19, CD22, IL-13, and IL-7 [33].