TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Furthermore, RA SF Vδ2+ T cells expressed high levels of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor (CXCR) 3 and C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR) 5 that were upregulated by TNFα in a nuclear factor (NF)-κb dependent pathway, and migrated to RA SF more efficiently than HC and OA derived cells.