SIRT1 and cardiac hypertrophy: Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) based deletion of mitochondrial SIRT3 and SIRT5 induces cell senescence and mitochondrial dysfunction [80]; in vivo, genetic forced expression of cardiac Sirt1 in mice displays a dose-dependent effect: at low-to-moderate dose, in aged mice it dampens cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and improves LV function.