Additionally, other cytokines like granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon (IFN)-γ, and IL-1,2,8,10 participate in CRS (124). The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is congenital rubella syndrome.