SMPD3 and breast carcinoma: While previous studies found that SMPD3 overexpression was sufficient to slow the proliferation rate of various cancer cell lines, including the breast cancer line MCF-7, the osteosarcoma line F4328, and the hepatocellular carcinoma line JHH-7, we found no effect on proliferation of either oral dysplasia or OSCC cell lines [20, 21, 27].