CAV1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Accordingly, CAV1 was found to contribute to the inhibitory action of metformin on insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) activity in non-small-cell lung cancer cells where their sensitivity to metformin was dependent on CAV1 expression and CAV1 was required to induce AMPK phosphorylation and the increase in the AMP/ATP ratio [196].