TNF and Insulin resistance: In a different study, where adipocytes were induced by TNF-α to mimic a state of insulin resistance, live-cell experiments showed that IR was found to dynamically segregate from CAV1 in caveolae into glycosphingolipid GM3- (monosialodihexosylganglioside- or NANA-Gal-Glc-ceramide-) enriched microdomains compared to untreated adipocytes [55].