These proinflammatory macrophages secrete cytokines such as TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and IL-6 (interleukin 6) [69] causing a chronic low-grade state of inflammation, which is linked to several diseases such as insulin resistance, diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and vascular abnormalities [70]. Here, TNF is linked to metabolic syndrome.