INS and Insulin resistance: Biomarkers of skeletal muscle oxidative damage such as malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, hydroperoxide, protein oxidation products, 3-nitrotyrosine, advanced glycosylation products (AGEs), carbohydrate metabolites, and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine reduce skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity and increase the risk of insulin resistance [3, 35].