These alterations influence the histone association with the promoter site of PPAR-gamma coactivator (PGC-1) and carnitine-palmitoyl-transferase I (CPTI), two genes whose expression is changed in IUGR rats (Liguori et al., 2010; Puglianiello et al., 2007), PGC-1 expression being upregulated, whereas CPTI expression being downregulated in IUGR rats predisposed to diabetes (Lane et al., 2001; Lane et al., 2002). The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is diabetes mellitus.