PPARGC1A and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Muscle and pancreatic islets of individuals with type 2 diabetes show an epigenetic regulation of the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator-1 α (protein PGC-1α; gene PPAR-γC1-α), characterized by increased DNA methylation in PPAR-γ-C1-α gene promoter (Ling et al., 2008).