Interestingly, both renal clear cell carcinoma and sarcoma patients with high HMOX1 expression exhibited better survival rates than those with low HMOX1 expression, while the opposite is true for thymoma patients, indicating the complexity of HO-1 biology in cancer [Figure 5, data based on kmplot.com; (122)] In many tumors HO-1 is suggested to act as a survival molecule, promoting cancer cell growth, metastasis, angiogenesis and resistance to chemotherapy (123, 124). Here, HMOX1 is linked to clear cell renal carcinoma.