Large cohort studies have identified proteomic (Penn-Nicholson et al., 2019) and transcriptomic (Suliman et al., 2018b; Zak et al., 2016; Warsinske et al., 2018) host blood biomarkers and high IGRA conversion threshold values (interferon-gamma >4.0 IU/mL) (Winje et al., 2018; Andrews et al., 2017) that predict which infected individuals have highest risk of progression to TB disease. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is tuberculosis.