Previous investigations have also revealed that BTP2 can improve ovalbumin-induced bronchial asthma, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, immunoglobulin G immune complex-induced inflammation, and the expression of spinal proinflammatory cytokines [i.e., interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] in a neuropathic pain model, as well as graft-versus-host disease in an animal model (Ohga et al., 2008a, b; Sogkas et al., 2015, 2018; Qi et al., 2016). Here, TNF is linked to graft versus host disease.