Specifically, in patients with acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure (ACLF), GSTM3 gene promoter methylation levels were significantly elevated compared to those in patients with chronic hepatitis B and healthy controls, and levels of GSTM3 methylation were associated with prognosis of ACLF (Sun et al., 2017). Here, GSTM3 is linked to chronic hepatitis B virus infection.