Complement C3 and C9 were increased in urinary extracellular vesicles (including exosomes) derived from ADPKD patients with or without progressive CKD, whereas urinary exosomal villin-1, periplakin and envoplakin were increased only in ADPKD patients with progressive CKD. The gene discussed is C3; the disease is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.