In renal fibrosis, a study using unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) model has indicated that transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA was transported by exosomes, which might activate fibroblast proliferation and development of renal fibrosis (Borges et al., 2013). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is renal fibrosis.