The aims of thisstudy were as follows: (a) to probe differences in plasma NfL levels between AD patients and healthy elderly subjects to verify the conclusions put forth by previous studies; (b) to probe differences in plasma NfL levels between GC patients and healthy elderly subjects to explore whether NfL could be a potential biomarker for diagnosingGC; (c) to probe differences in plasma NfL levels between AD patients and GC patients to explore whether NfL could be a convenient biomarker for detecting the inverse association between cancers and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. This evidence concerns the gene NEFL and gastric cancer.