PIN1 and neurodegenerative disease: In a wide range of organisms, over-expression of the tumor suppressor gene p53, as well as inactivation of the enzyme Pin1 and the Wnt signaling pathway, lead cells to a prone-to-death state (neurodegenerative disease phenotype); lowexpression of the p53 gene, as well as activation of the enzyme Pin1 and the Wnt signaling pathway, lead cells to a prone-to-survival state (cancer phenotype) (Yaffe et al., 1997; Coombs et al., 2008; Murray-Zmijewski et al., 2008; Behrens et al., 2009).