CCN1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In addition, we analysed CCN1 expression in different murine models of NAFLD, namely, mice fed a methionine choline deficient (MCD) or a high-fat (HF) diet, and found that CCN1 expression was dramatically increased in mice fed an MCD or HF diet compared with mice fed chow diets in serum and liver (Fig. 1D–I).