INS and gestational diabetes: This result was associated with decreased LDL levels in those in the N-GDM group treated with diet plus insulin and treated with diet plus insulin and metformin with respect to those treated with diet (128.7 ± 40.2, 116.3 ± 21.7 and 158.1 ± 35.7 mg/dL, respectively) (Figure 3B).