In MDA-MB-468 breast cancer cells and PC-3 prostate cancer cells transfected with ZIP9 (PC3-ZIP9) cells, ZIP9 was found to act as a specific Gi-coupled membrane androgen receptor (mAR) binding testosterone and initiating MAPK and zinc signaling leading to apoptosis [144, 145]. Here, SLC39A9 is linked to Familial prostate cancer.