Not surprisingly, most patients with type-1 HRS had severe liver failure, as demonstrated by increased international normalized ratio (INR), high Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) and Child-Pugh scores, low estimated GFR using Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation, high levels of serum bilirubin, creatinine, L-arginine, NOx, serum ET-1, and ET-1/NO ratio compared to the control group. The gene discussed is EDN1; the disease is End Stage Liver Disease.