Moreover, samples derived from 50% of the donors showed increased CXCL-16, which effectively reduces pro-inflammatory macrophages in the liver65 and is a marker of favourable prognosis in CRC.66 Butyrate specifically suppresses proinflammatory effectors in lamina propria macrophages.67 The results observed in the cell model suggest that the interaction between CX and microbiome to resolve inflammation may be not exclusively related to community composition or bacterial abundance, and microbiome functionality must be considered. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL16 and colorectal carcinoma.