CXCL6 and CXCL16 were particularly noteworthy because of their increased concentrations in NPAs from hRSV-positive children (Fig. 9A and 9C) and their association with several chronic lung pathologies, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), CF, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma. Here, CXCL16 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.