CXCL16 and congenital rubella syndrome: CXCL6 and CXCL16 were particularly noteworthy because of their increased concentrations in NPAs from hRSV-positive children (Fig. 9A and 9C) and their association with several chronic lung pathologies, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), CF, chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and asthma.