MPPE1 and neoplasm: Despite the difficulties created by their extremely low-abundance, several approaches are being tested in order to exploit cDC1s in anti-tumor immunotherapies: ex vivo differentiation from CD34+ hematopoietic progenitors and from iPSCs, or the direct reprogramming of somatic cells, followed by antigen loading and administration; direct antigen targeting in endogenous cDC1; and strategies aiming to enhance their frequency and functions in tumors.