In addition, ROS promote cancer progression also by inducing the activation of several signaling pathways, such as the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), the inhibitor of kappa B (IκB), kinase (IKK)/nuclear factor κB (NFκB), the protein kinase D (PKD), JNK, and PI3K, which in turn modulate the activity of several transcription factors that participate to cancer initiation/progression [52]. The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is cancer.