By alkylating cellular thiol groups, the methylene quinuclidinone (MQ) decomposition product of APR-246 depletes cellular glutathione [77,78], inhibits thioredoxin and glutaredoxin systems [79,80], and inhibits ribonucleotide reductase [80], leading to oxidative stress and cancer cell death through these p53-independent pathways [81]. The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is cancer.