The mean age of the study participants was 65.3 ± 10.2 years, mean BMI was 30.4 ± 5.2 kg/m2, mean diabetes duration was 10.3 ± 6.8 years, mean insulin treatment duration was 5.4 ± 5.0 years and mean baseline HbA1c was 8.2%  ±  1.5%. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.