Panzarini et al. 31 reviewed strategies for treating the root surface or PDL prior to replantation with a variety of agents, e.g., antibiotics, enamel matrix proteins, acid etching solutions, fluoride, corticosteroids, or bisphosphonates, but concluded that none of the reviewed reports offered a treatment that could prevent or heal ankylosis or replacement resorption in teeth with severely damaged PDL cells. This evidence concerns the gene AMBN and ankylosis.