If the efficacy and safety can be proven in clinical trials, TF-targeted therapeutics may represent a novel therapeutic approach for TNBC and can potentially impact the treatment regimen for pathological angiogenesis-dependent human diseases (notably cancer, age-related macular degeneration, endometriosis and rheumatoid arthritis) and macrophage-associated human disease (such as atherosclerosis, HIV and Ebola viral transduction)23, in which TF is selectively expressed on angiogenic VECs and/or disease-associated macrophages23. Here, TF is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.