Confirming the initiation of an epithelial immune response by the intestinal barrier model, Salmonella infection induced the expression of both coding (SOCS3, CXCL2, CXCL3) and noncoding (NEAT1 [41]) immune-associated RNAs in IECs (Fig. 6A). Here, CXCL2 is linked to Salmonella Infections.