BMPR2 and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Published studies have largely focused on the role of the genetic component in the development of PAH, and the most common genetic mechanism is mutation in bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) [7], while the means of epigenetic alterations such as DNA methylation, noncoding RNAs, and histone methylation and acetylation in PAH are currently receiving increasing attention [89].