IGF1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Among DEGs, several cytokines and neurotrophic factors were upregulated in SBMA-MNs, including CXCL14, IGF-1, and NTF3. CXCL14 is known to be upregulated in mice exhibiting similar phenotypes to ALS [35], suggesting that it may also be involved in MN degeneration in SBMA.