Since the deficiency of NLRP3-IL-1β pathway prevented chronic, but not acute, neuroinflammation after sepsis (Figs. 3, 4, and Additional file 2: Figure S2), we next studied whether blockage of generation or action of IL-1β would avoid sepsis-associated neurodegeneration once acute neuroinflammation began. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is Sepsis.