SMO and meningioma: Meningiomas with non-mutated NF2 genes (collectively known as non-NF2 meningiomas) have been reported to be caused by somatic driver mutations in genes associated with tumorigenesis, such as Tumour necrosis factor receptor associated factor (TRAF7), Krupple like factor 4 (KLF4), v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene (AKT1) and smoothened (SMO) [9,13].