Indeed, a recent study in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) reported a correlation between a high-fat meal and enhanced circulating levels of gut-derived bacteria lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [184]; this modification may represent an important activator step for systemic post-prandial oxidative stress as LPS is responsible for activation of Nox2, a most important ROS producer [185]; overall, data obtained in animal models and in human studies highlight the beneficial effects on postprandial blood glucose levels of natural polyphenols derived from food fractions and beverages. The gene discussed is CYBB; the disease is diabetes mellitus.