PVR and Miyoshi myopathy: Although PVR upregulation results in the promotion of NK effector activity against MM cells, because BMSC-derived IL-8 can also increase the expression of different adhesion molecules, such as VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 [39], it cannot be rule out that PVR upregulation on MM cells may support their survival and proliferation by enhancing the adhesion to BMSCs.