SERPINE1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Additionally, vascular endothelial integrity-related factors including vascular endothelial growth factor-1 (VEGF-1), synthesis of vascular reactive oxidative species (ROS), plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) thrombotic-mediated tendency, hyperuricemia, triglyceride, and oxidation-prone LDL-c levels are found to be elevated during obesity and its related metabolic syndrome [6,9].