With more research a clearer picture is starting to emerge in terms of the anti-cancer bioactivity of S. frutescens as different cell signaling mechanisms (i.e., inhibition of the Gli/Hh pathway and p13-kinase pathway), cytochrome-mediated apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, to name a few, are amongst the mechanisms that are prominent in the cancer inhibition effect [8,9,12,15,16,18]. The gene discussed is GLI1; the disease is cancer.