TGFB1 and urinary bladder carcinoma: It has been reported that HMGB2 binds to DNA without sequence specificity and promotes transcription by expanding the accessibility of chromatin to transcription factors.22 HMGB2 interacts with OCT4 to maintain multifunctional gene expression in mouse embryonic stem cells.23 Oct 4 that was activated by TGFβ1 can trigger EMT and switch cells to a more stem cell‐like phenotype in bladder cancer.24